The Theory Of Behavioral Learning Theory - 901 Words

B. F. Skinner is one of the top psychologist who invented the radical behaviorism and critical psychiatry. B. F. Skinner believed that behavior is maintained from one condition to another through similar or same consequences across situations. Skinner believed that actions followed by a positive effect tend to be repeated, while actions followed by negative effect were not. I believe the behaviorist theory states that individuals develop certain behavior traits based off of their reaction to certain events that they are presented with. This means that people act certain ways because of how they handled situations that have occurred in their life. Introduction to Behavioral learning theory. For example, inside the classroom, teachers could use this theory to help children behave correctly and have a positive outlook on their schoolwork. By understanding the theory, teachers would recognize that students need and want positive reinforcement. As a result of giving positive reinforcemen t, students would continue to display the desired behavior. Skinner said that â€Å"radical behaviorism emphasizes a functional level of analysis that may be contrasted with mainstream psychology’s emphasis on essentialism. Behaviorism is a theory mostly developed by B.F. Skinner. Three basic assumptions are held to be true. Learning is manifested by the change in behavior, the environment shapes behavior and the reinforcement essential in explaining the process of learning. For behaviorism learningShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of The Behavioral Learning Theory947 Words   |  4 Pagesmakes use of the behavioral learning theory? The Interactive Body module makes use of the Behavioral Learning Theory. If the person taking the module does not have previous knowledge of anatomy, he or she will get through the module guided by the hints and clues and mostly guessing. The designer forces the learner to follow those steps. In the end. Taking the module reminded me of Skinner. B.F. Skinner, throughout his life, advocated an approach to the study of psychology and learning that is focusedRead MoreThe Social Learning And Behavioral Theory1617 Words   |  7 Pagesage of 25, their relations with the police, the environment they were raised in and their experiences could prolong their run ins with the government and create a bad viewing of the police for the rest of their lives. By using the social learning and behavioral theory, which believes development of these young and ever-expanding minds are determined by not only what they experience and see growing up, but how they are taught, their environment and condition ing, the Criminal Justice system in the UnitedRead MoreEssay on Behavioral Learning Theories887 Words   |  4 PagesBehavioral Learning Theories Most theorists agree that learning occurs when experience causes a change in a persons knowledge or behavior . Behaviorists emphasize the role of environmental stimuli in learning and focus on the behavior, i.e., an observable response. Behavioral theories are based on contiguity, classical and operant conditioning, applied behavior analysis, social learning theory and self-regulation/cognitive behavior modification. Early views of learning were contiguityRead MoreExamination Of Behavioral Learning Theory919 Words   |  4 Pages Examination of Behavioral Learning Theory Behavioral learning theory encompasses three specific schools of thought, Pavlovian, The Thorndyke School of Thought, and Skinnerism. Behaviorist claimed that only observable â€Å"overt action† (that is, behavior) was worth studying because it’s the only thing we can see, and therefore measure empirically (Peters, 2013). In each of the instructional design examples the behaviorism concept is prevalent. As an example, The Anatomy of A Wind Turbine, TheRead MoreBehavioral Learning Theory Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Behavioral Learning Theory believes that behavior is learned from either the environment, the people in the individuals life, the media, or society as a whole. This theory contradicts the Biological theory, which states that criminals are born to be bad and that criminal behavior is inherited. The behavioral theory looks at the environment as well as societys impact on how an individual acts which might be the reason for criminal behavior. This the ory blames the environment as well as theRead MoreThe Behavioral Approach : The Learning Theory Essay1875 Words   |  8 PagesThe Behavioural approach (also called the learning theory) focuses on the belief that our environment, e.g. people, experiences and learning, influences the development and behaviour of an individual whilst thinking the internal functions, such as thoughts and cognition, are impossible to observe, so they are not apart of the scientific approach to psychology. This theory is also based on the concept of ‘explaining behaviour through observation. Behaviourists assume individuals are born as a blankRead MoreSocial Learning Theory : Theory Of Reward And Punishment Of Behavioral Reinforcement955 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Learning Theory: Albert Bandura (1977), a psychologist, proposed social learning theory to integrate the behaviorism with the cognitive theory to explain why people behave in a certain way, irrespective of the type of environment they are in. Bandura tried to integrate the behavior, cognition, and the environment to postulate the social learning theory. Many academicians have seen Bandura as the neo-behaviorist theorist (positivist) despite the fact that he believed in self-help, self-regulationRead MoreLearning Theories : A Comparison Of Behavioral And Cognitive Views1163 Words   |  5 PagesLearning Theories: A Comparison of Behavioral and Cognitive Views Cognitive and behavioral learning theories tend to dominate modern discussions of learning theories. Employed in both educational and clinical settings, both have important contributions to understanding how and why individuals learn. Is one approach statistically better than the other, or do they each have their own place where one approach may be more effective under specific circumstances? Each theory has supporters who claimRead MoreLearning Theories, Behavioral Tendencies, And Social Development2000 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Gaining experience as a future teacher helps in understanding the multiple challenges of education. By observing these challenges, one becomes better equipped and more prepared to enter the field. Learning theories, behavioral tendencies, and social development are all factors that affect a student’s success in education. In this paper I will analyze and explain the observations made inside and outside of the classroom at Clarkston High School. Clarkston High School I chose to completeRead MoreThe Mastery Learning Model Aligns Well With Behavioral Learning Theory2598 Words   |  11 Pagesmastery learning model aligns well with the behavioral learning theory. Behaviorism emphasizes students to exhibit their learning through action, which can be objectively observed. In other words, learning is a measurable change. Teachers are to discover the best form of positive rewards or punishing consequences to shape the behavior/action, in order to elicit and increase the desired student response. With the mastery learning model, teachers can do just this. The teacher designs learning experiences

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Women s Rights - 978 Words

During the late 1830s through the late 1870s women had little to no rights when it came to certain situations. Some women Such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Catherine Beecher and Mary Livermore all had their different opinions on women rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton who was a woman activist believed that when it comes to marriage a woman should have the same equal opportunities as a man. Catherine Beecher a prominent writer believed that women should have no rights when it comes to abolition societies. Beecher believed that heaven had designated man â€Å"the Superior† and women â€Å"the subordinate† and that the purpose of life was for men to have the power to protect the women. Mary Livermore a former worker in the civil war always believed women should have the same rights as men. Now that the civil war is over she reflects on how society has changed when it comes to women rights. In the early 1870s â€Å"Women demanded that the boundaries of America democracy be expa nded to include them as well† . Elizabeth Cady Stanton wanted the idea of equality to be extended into women’s private home life with their family. She wanted the control that men had over their wives to end. Men were already upset that women had equality in the state and the church, they were not ready to recognize equality in the home. Because men were always taught to have higher authority, they believed that they hold the power under any system. Giving women freedom in the household would make them feel less in control.Show MoreRelatedElizabeth Cady Stanton : Women s Rights1922 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract Elizabeth Cady Stanton forever changed the social and political landscape of the United States of America by succeeding in her work to guarantee rights for women and slaves. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leader in the 19th century for women’s activist and women’s suffrage leader. As an active American abolitionist, she gave many lectures and wrote books. Among those fighting for women’s rights, she was a primary leader. Though she was interested in women’s rights from many perspectivesRead MoreWomen s Rights By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1015 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in the 1920’s were expected to keep out of the public eye.  They were not allowed to vote, or serve on juries. Legally, they were supposed to be subordinated.   Women did not have the same rights as men pertaining to their political involvement. Because of this unfair inequality towards them, women decided to take a stance. In 1848 the movement for women’s rights was organize on a worldwide status. In July, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott created the first women’s rights convention inRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton : A Radical For Women s Rights1105 Words   |  5 PagesLois W. Banner is the author of Elizabeth Cady Stanton: A Radical for Women s Rights. She is also the author of many other books based on women, such as Women in Modern America: A Brief History. Banner wrote this book in order to showcase to the world all of the situatuions that Elizabeth Cady Stanton faced and overcame. This very informative novel shows how Stanton has had doors opened for the population of women. She received her PhD at Columbia University. As a history professor at the UniversityRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton : Women s Rights888 Words   |  4 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton was a woman that can be best described under a countless amount of titles. She was a women’s rights activist, feminist, editor, writer, abolitionist, and the list continues. Living in a world in which women were made to feel inferior, Stanton utilized this oppression as a catalyst for permeating into male â€Å"territory†. Fortunately for her, particular opportunities came about naturally, being that she was raised in a privileged household. Her parents were of high respect in theirRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton: Fighting for Womens Rights Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton didn’t want to be remembered as a household but the women they will admire. The purpose of this paper is to explain the life of Elizabeth Stanton and how she had a huge effect on the outcome of seeking equal rights for woman. Early Childhood First of all, the most famous influential feminist lead was known when she was a child. Elizabeth was born in November 12, 1815 in Johnstown, NY (Elizabeth Cady Stanton Biography). Her father was a judge andRead MoreEssay on Elizabeth Cady Stantons Fight for Equality 1252 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton was not just a mother, daughter, feminist, and writer; but she is the woman who changed the lives of women everywhere by fighting for equality. Stanton lived a normal childhood, but one that motivated her to never give up hope in reaching her goal. A quick background of her life will help better understand why she became such a powerful woman’s rights activist. Also, what she accomplished that changed history and how it still affects us today in 2011. I will also express myRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton : America s First Feminist1222 Words   |  5 Pages Elizabeth Cady Stanton: America’s First Feminist Feminism. The word, depending on the person, could leave a sweet or sour taste. It means, simply, â€Å"The advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men†(oxforddictionaries.com). But the connotation varies, from the aggressive to the convincing. When the eight-letter word pops into someone s brain, they might picture powerful modern and inspiring figures, like Malala Yousafzai, the youngest person, maleRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stantons Heroic Qualities737 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction- background on mid-late 1800’s and the Civil Rights Movement. Define what it would take to be a hero during that time period. (Thesis) Elizabeth Cady Stanton demonstrated how she was a hero through her passion for women’s rights, her courage to stand up for what she believed, and her ability to overcome the discrimination that she faced all her life. Elizabeth Cady Stanton showed heroism through her strong passion for women’s rights. All throughout her life, Stanton’s actions showedRead MoreWomen s Degradation By Elizabeth Cady Stanton928 Words   |  4 Pagessexual rights. Our religion, laws and customs are all founded on the belief that woman was made for man† (Stanton) Believed to be one of the greatest and most influential feminists of not only her generation, but of all time, Elizabeth Cady Stanton paved the way for women and their rights in a time when they had none. Elizabeth, was one of the first feminist theorists in America and through her beliefs that women deserve equality and equal rights, she paved the way for the future of women and herRead More`` The Best Protection Any Woman Can Have Courage Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The best protection any woman can have is courage† -Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The antebellum period was of rapid technological change and westward expansion. This time rose a belief of Manifest Destiny and the rise of abolitionism. The antebellum period brought out great change to the nation ;however, the greatest change was the change of social attitudes toward the women in this time period. Women started slowly emerging out of their traditional roles in a fight to eventually be seen as an equal

Tolerance Analysis Free Essays

A Comprehensive System for Computer-Aided Tolerance Analysis of 2-D†¦ http://adcats. et. byu. We will write a custom essay sample on Tolerance Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now edu/Publication/97-4/cirp_2_7_97a. html 7. 0 ASSEMBLY TOLERANCE SPECIFICATIONS An engineering design must perform properly in spite of dimensional variation. To achieve this, engineering design requirements must be expressed as assembly tolerance limits. The designer must assign limits to the gaps, clearances and overall dimensions of an assembly which are critical to performance. Assembly tolerance limits are applied to the statistical distribution of the assembly variations predicted by tolerance analysis to estimate the number of assemblies which will be within the specifications. Designers need to control more than just gaps and clearances in assemblies. Orientation and position of features may also be important to performance. To be a comprehensive design tool, a tolerance analysis system must provide a set of assembly tolerance specifications which covers a wide range of common design requirements. A system of assembly tolerance specifications patterned after ANSI Y14. 5 has been proposed [Carr 93]. Those ANSI Y14. 5 feature controls which require a datum appear to be useful as assembly controls. However, there is a distinct difference between component tolerance and assembly tolerance specifications, as seen in Fig. 9. In the component tolerance specification shown, the parallelism tolerance zone is defined as parallel to datum A, a reference surface on the same part. By contrast, the assembly parallelism tolerance defines a tolerance zone on one part in the assembly which is parallel to a datum on another part. In order to distinguish an assembly tolerance specification from a component specification, new symbols have been proposed. The feature control block and the assembly datum have been enclosed in double boxes. Fig. 9 Comparison of component and assembly tolerance specifications. 8. 0 MODELING PROCEDURES AND RULES The ability to model a system is a fundamental skill for effective engineering design or manufacturing systems analysis. Unfortunately, few engineers know how to construct variational models of assemblies beyond a 1-D stack. This is primarily because the methods have not been established. There is little treatment of assembly modeling for tolerance analysis in engineering schools or texts. Until engineers learn how to model, tolerance analysis will never become widely used as have other CAD/CAE tools. A consistent set of modeling procedures, with some guiding rules for creating vector assembly models, allows for a systematic approach which can be applied to virtually any assembly. The steps in creating a model are: 1. Identify the assembly features critical to the assembly. Locate and orient each feature and specify the assembly tolerances. 2. Locate a datum reference frame (DRF) for each part. All model features will be located relative to the DRFs. 3. Place kinematic joints at the points of contact between each pair of mating parts. Define the joint type and orient the joint axes. These are the assembly constraints. 4. Create vector paths from the DRF on each part to each joint on the part. The paths, called datum paths, must follow feature dimensions until arriving at the joint. Thus, each joint may be located relative to the DRF by controlled engineering dimensions. 5. Define the closed vector loops which hold the assembly together. The datum paths defined in Step 2 7 of 14 5/11/2011 4:27 PM A Comprehensive System for Computer-Aided Tolerance Analysis of 2-D†¦ ttp://adcats. et. byu. edu/Publication/97-4/cirp_2_7_97a. html become segments of the vector loop. A vector loop must enter a part through a joint and leave through another joint, passing through the DRF along the way. Thus, the vector path across a part follows the datum path from the incoming joint to the DRF and follows another datum path from the DRF to the outgoi ng joint. 6. Define open vector loops to describe each assembly tolerance specification. For example, for an assembly gap, the loop would start on one side of the gap, pass through the assembly, and end at the other side of the gap. 7. Add geometric variations at each joint. Define the width of the tolerance zone and length of contact between the mating parts as required. The nature of the variation and direction is determined by the joint type and joint axes. Other variations, such as position, may be added at other feature locations. Modeling rules are needed to ensure the creation of valid loops, a sufficient number of loops, correct datum paths, etc. For example, an important set of rules defines the path a vector loop must take to cross a joint. Each joint introduces kinematic variables into the assembly which must be included in the vector model. Fig. 10 shows the vector path across a 2-D cylinder-slider joint. The rule states that the loop must enter and exit the joint through the local joint datums, in this case, the center of the cylinder and a reference datum on the sliding plane. This assures that the two kinematic variables introduced by this joint are included in the loop, namely, the vector U in the sliding plane and the relative angle f at the center of the cylinder, both of which locate the variable point of contact in their corresponding mating parts. Fig. 11 shows a similar vector path through a 3-D crossed cylinders joint. A more complete set of modeling rules is described in [Chase 94]. Fig. 10: 2-D vector path through a joint Fig. 11 3-D vector path through a joint 9. 0 MODELING EXAMPLE The process of creating an assembly tolerance model for analysis is illustrated in the figures below for a seatbelt retraction mechanism. The device is an inertial locking mechanism for the take-up reel. One of the critical assembly features is the gap between the tip of the locking pawl and the gear, as shown in Fig. 12. The assembly is of reasonable complexity, with about 20 dimensional variations and several geometric variations as contributing sources. The contribution by each variation source depends on the sensitivity of the gap to each component variation. Fig. 13 shows the DRFs for each part and local feature datums which define model dimensions. 8 of 14 5/11/2011 4:27 PM A Comprehensive System for Computer-Aided Tolerance Analysis of 2-D†¦ http://adcats. et. byu. edu/Publication/97-4/cirp_2_7_97a. html Fig. 12 Example 2-D assembly Fig. 13 Part DRFs and feature datums. In Figure 14, the kinematic joints defining the mating conditions are located and oriented. Clearance in the rotating joints was modeled by two methods. In the first case, the shafts were modeled as revolute joints, centered in the clearance, with clearance variation added as an equivalent concentricity. In the second case, the CAD model was modified so each shaft was in contact with the edge of the hole, modeled by parallel cylinder joints, and variation was determined about this extreme position. After the joints have been located, the assembly loops can then be generated, as shown in Fig. 15. To simplify the figure, some of the vectors are not shown. Fig. 14 Kinematic joints define mating conditions. Fig. 5 Vector loops describe assembly. Models for geometric variation may then be inserted into the vector assembly model, as shown in Fig. 16. The completed CATS model, in Fig. 17, is ready for assembly tolerance analysis. 9 of 14 5/11/2011 4:27 PM A Comprehensive System for Computer-Aided Tolerance Analysis of 2-D†¦ http://adcats. et. byu. edu/Publication/97-4/cirp_2_7_97a. html Fig. 16 Geometric variation sources are added. Fi g. 17 The completed CATS model. Figure 18 show a 3-D CATS model overlaid on a swashplate cam and follower mechanism. Fig. 18 3-D CATS model. 10. 0 TOLERANCE ANALYSIS The analysis approach used within the CATS system is based on linearization of the assembly equations and solution for the variations by matrix algebra. A detailed description with examples may be found in [Chase 95, 96] and [Gao 97]. The linearized method provides an accurate and real-time analysis capability that is compatible with engineering design approaches and tools. Vector assembly models can be used with any analysis system. Gao used the CATS Modeler as a graphical front end for 10 of 14 5/11/2011 4:27 PM A Comprehensive System for Computer-Aided Tolerance Analysis of 2-D†¦ http://adcats. et. byu. du/Publication/97-4/cirp_2_7_97a. html a Monte Carlo simulator [Gao 93]. An iterative solution was used to close the vector loops for each simulated assembly. Histograms for each assembly feature being analyzed were generated from the computed assembly dimensions. A comparison of the linearized approach with Monte Carlo analysis is presented in [Gao 95]. 11. 0 CAD IMPLEMENTATI ON Fig. 19 shows the structure of the Computer-Aided Tolerancing System integrated with a commercial 3-D CAD system. The CATS ® Modeler creates an engineering model of an assembly as a graphical and symbolic overlay, linked associatively to the CAD model. Pop-up menus present lists of joints, datums, g-tols and design specs to add to the CAD model. The model is created completely within the graphical interface of the CAD system. There are no equations to type in to define mating conditions or other assembly relationships. CATS is tightly integrated with each CAD system, so it becomes an extension of the designer’s own CAD system. Current CAD implementations include: Pro/ENGINEERa (TI/TOL 3D+), CATIAa, CADDS5a, and AutoCADa; (AutoCATS). Fig. 19 The CATS System Architecture The CATS Analyzer accesses the assembly tolerance model that was created and stored in the CAD system. The Analyzer has built-in statistical algorithms to predict variation in critical assembly features due to process variation. It features built-in algorithms for tolerance synthesis, which re-size selected tolerances to meet target assembly quality levels. Matrix analysis gives instant feedback for any design iteration or â€Å"what-if† study. The user interface is standard XWindows Motif, with multiple windows, scroll bars, pop-up menus, dialog boxes, option buttons, data fields and slide bars for data entry, etc. The designer is in complete control of the tolerance analysis/design process. Graphical plots give visual feedback in the form of statistical distributions, ranked sensitivity and percent contribution plots. Engineering limits are shown on the distribution, with corresponding parts-per-million reject values displayed. The current status of the CATS Modeler and Analyzer, with respect to ease of use by an interactive graphical user interface and internal automation are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1. Current status of assembly modeling CAD implementation Modeling Task Graphical Automation Level 11 of 14 5/11/2011 4:27 PM How to cite Tolerance Analysis, Essay examples